Vector Network Analyzers

Vector Network Analyzers (VNA)...

...measure and characterize the transmission characteristics of a device under test (electronic "network") such as a passive or active quadripole, filter, amplifier, semiconductor component, an entire assembly or even an entire transmission path including antenna. A VNA is a transmitter/source as well as a receiver/measuring device and analyzer: The VNA analyzes fed, transmitted and reflected RF signals on the DUT in relation to each other. They measure the socalled S parameters.